11._ Ethics

Therefore, is essential to the Humanity to recognize itself –and its world— as unfinished, as a project on the way to accomplishment, whose destiny depends on its own action.

In view of the difficulties of the enterprise, and considering that perhaps is impossible to obtain their "completion", this will can be experienced like tragic, and induce inevitably to an "existencial suffering". And it is so, not only because the apparently unattainable of the total good, but because the precariety, and continuous destruction, of the partial goods obtained with so much effort.

Nevertheless, the Humanity lives, and if it lives, it is of the hope in a future completion of itself, that cannot be waived. Its conscience of badly, unlike demonstrating the nonsense of life and the nonexistence of God, reveals the presence, in its very interior, of a "project of good" whose final mission is God. (we cannot avoid recalling here the words of Kant: "There are two things that fill my spirit of admiration and reverence always new and increasing, at the most assiduous and kindly my mind takes care of them: the sky starred over me and the moral law within me").

From the point of view of the cosmic evolution, the Humanity is a stage, a surely intermediate level of emergence, in which the creative impulse of the Nature becomes conscious, in which the finality of the process becomes purpose of self-completion. The spirit of God is then specially present --immanent-- in the human will and understanding, and we can say that he expresses himself, like a "secret voice" that guides its search, in the ethical and aesthetic feelings of the Humanity.

The human will is guided by the ethics, or rather by an "ethical development", that departs from the primary impulses of immediate individual satisfaction, and grows "spacely" towards the other beings of the surroundings, and "temporarily" towards mediate, future goods. This means a progressive extension --affective and rational-- of the individual point of view, an incorporation of the other people's interests like own, and a subordination of immediate desires for the best attainment of aims in the long term. Instead of "satisfaction for me, now", a project of "good of all in a future and for always". In the limit, this supposes the attainment of a perfect and definitive final state of the universe, is to say the Last Newness, God. For that reason, this ethical development of the human will is expressed suitably in the concise formula: "love God over all things and the neighbour as yourself".

The ethical development is in the foundation of the human societies, and their concrete aspects shape in uses and customs, in norms, laws, and structures. Of course, it is manifested by partial aims, local and temporary projects, sectorial interests, that can constitute stages in the development, certainly indispensables by the exigencies of the reality, but also, when rigidize it or suspend it, they can prevent it seriously.

In any state of the human evolution it exists thus a "state of development of the ethics" of each society, or individual, that is "fixed" to structures, norms, laws, uses, criteria, customs, etc., constituting a "closed moral" that preserves the ethical profits already established. But, whereas the development must continue towards its last aims, any intermediate state must be surpassed, and therefore the societies and the individuals must question their norms permanently to go extending them and adapting to new more elevated aims; this constitutes an "opened moral", when it is the case that happens without violences.

Of course, the ethical development is not easy. Not is progress linear and continuous but that is full of failures, backward movements, stagnations, routes mistaken, which are translated in unjust institutions and guilty behaviors, from the point of view of the same moral in use or of a superior ethics that can have some critical observer, who, in case of having the necessary power, will have to cause the more advisable change to other structures and norms.

As an observer does not exist who is possessor of an "absolute" ethical point of view, --although some are believed inspired directly "by God" or of their "personal genius" with respect to concrete subjects--, the progress is full of conflicts.

But we trust that, as a whole, the Humanity has in itself the tendencies adapted according to the spirit of God. Not the whim, nor the chance, neither the stingy interests, but its "capacity of God", the Spirit in its particular presence in the human level of emergence, guides the Humanity in last term and as a whole.

The human will also has, manifestly, resistances, inertias, spontaneities, destructive and regressive tendencies --"towards the nothing"--, that will have to be winning in the course of the process. That reflect, in the human level, the fact that the action of the Spirit is not absolutely determining of each particular phenomenon --or will--, since in opposite case everything would be "instantaneous act", immediate accomplishment of the Last Newness. The same existence of the process, in particular of the Humanity, implies the inevitabilidad of the provisional existence of evil. But we think that the tendencies towards God, the "good will", the spirit of God, will prevail over the negative tendencies of the "bad will", and will finish being made.